(Camden Productions, Inc., 1954)
Incident in an alley. |
Tagline
Dame-hungry
killer cop runs berserk!
Just
the Facts
After 16 years on the police force,
Barney Nolan (Edmond O’Brien) has made lieutenant detective, but has yet to wrap
his acquisitive hands around middle-class success. Tired of waiting, he’s ready
to cut corners, no matter how unlawful, to grab his share of the American
Dream. Having learned that a small-time bookmaker is carrying $25,000 for
delivery to underworld boss Packy Reed, Nolan plants himself on the
unsuspecting bookie’s route, surveilling him while attaching
a silencer to his 38 Special before emerging from the shadows with bad intent.
Waylaying his victim into an alley, Nolan promptly shoots him in the back and rifles
the corpse for the illicit money. Then, chillingly, he backs up a few paces, yells
“Stop or I’ll shoot” and fires a couple of un-silenced rounds into the air.
It’s as premeditated as murder can get.
When fellow detective Mark Brewster
(John Agar) arrives at the crime scene, Nolan tells him that the bookie made a
break for it and that Nolan’s shot “went wild,” even though it’s common
knowledge that he’s the department’s ranking pistol expert. He’s also known for
having an itchy trigger finger, as crime reporter Cabot (who functions as an
occasional Greek chorus) reminds Brewster back at the station: “Last year Nolan
killed two hungry wetbacks in a market burglary. Three years ago it was that
tramp over on Sullivan Street.” Nolan’s fellow detectives don’t much like him (with
the exception of Brewster, whom Nolan mentored) and perhaps even fear him a
little, but they unhesitatingly close ranks behind him.
Nolan silences a silent witness. |
The station’s new captain, Gunnarson
(Emile Meyer), isn’t convinced the shooting was accidental, but until evidence
is found to the contrary, grudgingly accepts Brewster’s report—after throwing
Nolan’s record in his face and warning him to stop thinking with his trigger
finger. Gunnarson may be an honest cop, but he seems content to sweep Nolan’s
mess under the carpet rather than deal with the unwanted publicity an internal
investigation would create. That doesn’t stop him from chewing Nolan’s ass over
this latest incident: “Either you’re gonna start using judgment, Nolan, or you
can climb back into uniform and grow a new set of brains out in the daisy
field.” When Nolan smugly “apologizes” for putting the department in a spot,
Gunnarson responds in words that are all too rife with contemporary relevance: “There’s
no spot. You were a police officer
acting in the line of duty. Nobody gouges us for that as long as I’m in this
office. We gave you a gun and the authority to use it. One is no good without
the other. They don’t know that out there. So they’ll scream blue murder until
the next time they need a man with a badge.”
Packy Reed (Hugh Sanders) is less
credulous than the police, knowing a bent cop when he sees one, and sends word
through a pair of private detectives with the entertaining monikers Fat
Michaels and Laddie O’Neal (played respectively by Claude Akins and Lawrence
Ryle) that he would greatly appreciate the opportunity to question Nolan about
the stolen money. The minatory pair (who will dog Nolan’s footsteps throughout
the film) initially try the friendly approach. But when Barney contemptuously
blows them off, they waste no time applying pressure on him by intimidating his
girlfriend, Patty Winters (Marla English).
We always hurt the ones we love. |
Patty, as it happens, is the only person
who accepts Nolan unreservedly, even though he bullies her as he does everyone
else in his orbit. Possessive and jealous in the extreme, he forces Patty to
quit her job as a scantily clad cigarette girl because he doesn’t like the
thought of drunken louts eyeballing her alluring figure. He drags her to a
model house that he’s thinking of buying, showing off its modern furnishings
and appliances as if they represented every woman’s conception of wedded bliss.
His “sweet talk” comes off like a wheedling sales pitch: “Look at this. It’s a
Beauty Queen Kitchen, the whole thing. Everything’s automatic: electric garbage
disposal, dishwasher, and up here we have an electric stove, three burners…” In
his masculine arrogance, he envisions Patty as mere housewife and sexual object—whether
she desires such a future or not. While Patty lounges in the living room
contemplating that domestic premise, Nolan sneaks out to the back of the house,
where he buries the blood money like a dog hiding a bone.
Nolan may think he has everything under
control, but his troubles soon mount. In addition to having an ill-tempered mob
boss on his back, Nolan must cope with a deaf mute who wanders into the police
station bearing a note that he witnessed the bookie’s shooting—and that it was
by no means accidental. Nolan intercepts the note and subsequently visits the
deaf man’s apartment in hopes of buying him off, but this effort takes an
unexpectedly dark turn. Meanwhile, Nolan’s increasingly erratic behavior has
aroused Brewster’s suspicions, and when the latter finds incriminating evidence
against his friend and tries to arrest him, Nolan nearly adds cop killer to his
resume. Now on the run—and completely unmoored from whatever moral scruples he
may once have possessed—Nolan is doubly dangerous, a fact made painfully clear
to Packy’s private eyes, to Brewster and Patty, and to the boys in blue hunting
him down. Nolan’s final trajectory plays out in underworld hideouts, anonymous
bars, public swimming pools and, ultimately, the model home where he had
stashed the 25 grand. He discovers far too late that crime pays, but only if
you’re willing to die for it.
Nolan pays a reluctant visit to the underworld. |
Summary
Judgment
Shield for
Murder is an estimable addition to the lineup of rogue cop films that appeared
in the early fifties, including Where the
Sidewalk Ends (1950), The Prowler
(1951) and, of course, Rogue Cop
(1954). They might be more accurately termed rogue detective films, as their
protagonists typically held that rank (The
Prowler excepted). The motivations of these guardians of the law gone bad varied
from film to film. Revenge was the stimulus in The Big Heat (1953), psychosis in On Dangerous Ground (1952). That old standby, greed, resides within
the dark heart of Shield for Murder’s
Barney Nolan.
As a distinct subgenre of the
crime/noir film, these movies pose intriguing and important questions about corruption
and brutality among those charged with upholding the law. Policemen had
typically been portrayed in overwhelmingly positive terms throughout the
thirties and forties, but America’s postwar mood of disillusionment, plus the
Kefauver Committee hearings of the 1950s—which exposed the corrupt ties between
city and state governments and organized crime—helped create an atmosphere in
which more nuanced depictions of law enforcement were possible.
Detective Brewster confronts the ugly truth about his pal Nolan. |
Screenwriters Richard Alan Simmons and
John C. Higgins adapted the eponymous novel by William P. McGivern, whose other
books include Rogue Cop and The Big Heat. McGivern’s work typically
focused on corruption of one form or another in political, union and civic
ranks. Novel and film both make the implicit point that corruption endures only
when it goes unchallenged. Nolan’s peers on the force may believe themselves to
be “pure,” but they are in fact enablers for turning a blind eye to his larcenous
and homicidal instincts. Scenarist Higgins also made a career of crime, so to
speak, specializing in the creation of conflicted characters on both sides of
the law. His name is signed to the screenplays of such pantheon noirs as T-Men (1947), Raw Deal (1948), He Walked by
Night (1948) and many others.
The direction was jointly shared by Howard
W. Koch and the film’s star, Edmond O’Brien. It was Koch’s first directorial
effort; his other films included Big
House, U.S.A. (1955), The Girl in
Black Stockings (1957) and The Last
Mile (1959), all of which demonstrated a fine command of B-movie dynamics.
O’Brien subsequently directed a 1958 episode of Schlitz Playhouse and the edgy
noir Man-Trap (1961). It would be
interesting to learn how O’Brien and Koch split the directing chores, and who
was more responsible for the film’s overall pace and tone. It’s tempting to
assume that O’Brien invested his work behind the camera with some of the famous
intensity he manifested in front of it. No matter how they divvied it up, the
direction is expressive and efficient, and occasionally quite stylish. A case
in point is the scene in which Packy Reed summons Nolan to his home and offers
to “hire” him to find the money, knowing full well the detective took it, but
offering him a face-saving way to return it. Their verbal sparring is given a visual
correlative in the form of a televised prizefight that culminates in one of the
boxers landing a thunderous knockout punch, neatly foreshadowing the fate that
will likely befall Nolan should he remain recalcitrant.
Reflections in a double bourbon. |
Another remarkable sequence unfolds in a cocktail lounge
where Nolan is drowning his anxieties in a few double bourbons and half-heartedly
fending off sexual overtures from an enigmatic bottle-blond tramp played by
Carolyn Jones. The setting, atmosphere and dialog evoke the mood of loneliness
and sexual yearning that can be found in any bar in any city on any evening. The
blonde’s opening line neatly sums up her quarry: “You know what’s wrong with
mirrors in bars? Men always make hard eyes at themselves.” Nolan plays hard to
get, but her persistence and obvious sexual availability eventually loosen him
up, although she momentarily gives him a jolt when, having learned he’s a
detective, innocently asks, “Did you ever kill anybody?”
Nolan is half-attracted
and half-repelled by her, but realizes she provides good cover for a murderous
cop on the run, and after a few more doubles they’re locking lips with sleazy
abandon. Nolan seems more than ready to spend the night with her when he shakes
off the booze long enough to remember his priorities. He cons Fat Michaels and
Laddie O’Neal into meeting him at the bar, ostensibly to negotiate the return
of Packy’s money, but really to administer payback for having strong-armed his
girl. When they arrive, Nolan catches them off guard and savagely pistol-whips
them senseless. The beatdown is staged mainly off
camera, but the gruesome sounds of impact and the fast cutting between Nolan’s twisted
face and the terrified patrons is more unsettling than if all the blows had actually
been shown. Needless to say, the blonde’s dreams of carnal fulfillment have
also been deep-sixed.
Brewster’s attempted arrest of Nolan is
also strikingly staged. Although he gets the drop on Nolan, the more
experienced detective quickly turns the tables and jams his revolver against
the younger man’s head. In a remarkable two-shot, Brewster’s face in the
foreground is that of a man resigned to his imminent execution, while Nolan’s looming
face in the background is hard and filled with murderous resolve. The moment is
held for a few suspenseful beats: Nolan cocks the hammer, but will he pull the
trigger? Ultimately, he comes to his senses and cold-cocks Brewster instead.
Yet he will have no compunction about trying to kill the cops who come gunning
for him during the breakneck chase and shootout that culminates with
spectacular irony on the front lawn of Nolan’s dream house.
Nolan comes unhinged. |
Shield for
Murder may not be as polished or prestigious as more venerated bad cop
films, but it somehow emerges as the most indelible, thanks to its gritty tone,
blunt social criticism, quirky characters and O’Brien’s feral intensity. The
versatile, Shakespearean-trained actor was a bona fide noir icon, never better
than with a gun or a drink in his hand and the weight of the world on his
shoulders. He was unmatched at portraying average Joes who land themselves in
dire straits by succumbing to their worst impulses, and then go off the rails
in convincing and spectacular fashion. O’Brien was rarely better than as Barney
Nolan, once a good cop whose ideals have been eroded by his compulsion to
acquire the trappings of success and willingness to do literally anything to
achieve it. As repugnant as the physical violence he employs toward this end is
the psychological violence he metes out to the two people closest to him: Patty
and Brewster. But Nolan has gone so far down his crooked road that they no
longer really exist for him as individuals in their own right. Nolan doesn’t care
about being liked or loved. He cares only about Nolan. And that twenty-five
grand.
Fingering
the Fifties
• Nolan’s offhand remark to a uniform
cop to “go home and beat your wife” is a stark indictment of the decade’s
cultural complacency regarding domestic violence.
• The police reporter Cabot’s use of
the word “wetback” in the police station speaks volumes about the era’s
embedded racism, especially within law enforcement and the media.
• The model home Nolan covets speaks to
the postwar boom in mass-produced tract housing that transformed the greater
Los Angeles area in which the film takes place.
• Nightclub cigarette girls garbed in
dominatrix-style outfits.
Nolan clutches a down payment on a dubious future. |
Quotable
CRIME REPORTER CABOT:
“Eddie, I know it’s a story. I also know these guys. They clam. Once a cop
pulls a trigger, it’s one big secret society.”
MARK BREWSTER [to underworld goons harassing Patty]: “What’s this little act about?”
FAT MICHAELS: “We’re friends of her
friend.”
MARK BREWSTER: “Well, listen, friend, the next
time you so much as talk to Miss Winters I’ll hammer that private badge into
your navel.”
FAT MICHAELS: “Just another
misunderstanding.”
LADDIE O'NEIL: “The time has come when
we are no longer welcome.”
PATTY WINTERS: “What is it, Barney? What is it that makes you hate like that? How can I
work for people? How can I keep friends when you slap them around?”
BARNEY NOLAN: “For 16 years I’ve been
living in dirt, and take it from me, some of it’s bound to rub off on you. You
get to hate people—everyone you meet. I’m sick of them. The racket boys, the
strong arms, the stoolies, the hooligans. I’m through with them all.”
MARK BREWSTER: “I’ve watched him change
over the last few years. He’s not the same man he was. He’s like concrete. The
older he gets, the harder he gets.”
End of the line. |
Credits
Directors: Howard W. Koch, Edmond
O’Brien; writers: Richard Alan Simmons, John C. Higgins; producer: Aubrey
Schenck; cinematography: Gordon Avil; editor: John F. Schreyer; music: Paul
Dunlap
Cast
Edmond O’Brien (Detective Lt. Barney Nolan);
Marla English (Patty Winters); John Agar (Detective Sgt. Mark Brewster); Emile
Meyer (Capt. Gunnarson); Carolyn Jones (Beth); Claude Akins (Fat Michaels); Lawrence
Ryle (Laddie O’Neil), Herbert Butterfield (Cabot, police reporter); Hugh
Sanders (Packy Reed); William Schallert (assistant D.A.); Richard Deacon (the
professor); David Hughes (Ernst Sternmueller)
Marla English with cinematographer Gordon Avil. |